ABSTRACT
In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate the phytochemical, antimicrobial, antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity of Coccinia indica(W. and A) leaf extracts using four solvents and compare it with the callus extracts. Callus was initiated from the leaf explants of C.indicawith 90% efficiency using MS medium supplemented with BAP (1 mg/l) + NAA (0.2 mg/l). Successive extraction method of C.indicawas found to be an efficient method of extraction and methanol was observed to be the best suited solvent for the extraction of phytochemicals and macromolecules that were responsible for antimicrobial, antioxidant and α-amylase inhibition. GC-MS analysis of C.indicahas confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds (Example: 9-Octadecanoic acid, 2-octadecycloxy ethyl ester (100%) in successive methanolic callus extract) in all the extracts where the FTIR analysis has confirmed the presence of various important functional groups of the identified bioactive compounds. Successive methanol extract of callus of C.indicawas found to be the potent antimicrobial agent with drug efflux pump inhibitor property against 5 bacterial strains, Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC700603), Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 25933)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (clinical isolate) and 3 fungal strains, Candida albicans (IFM 40009), Candida tropicalis (IFM 55058)andCandida krusei (IFM 46521).Successive methanol extract of callus of C.indicawas found to be an efficient antioxidant agent and an efficient α-amylase inhibitor, which proves it to be a potent anti-diabetic agent with IC50 concentration to be 82.5μg/ml. This study is one of the strong evidence for this plant to be used by the traditional practitioners as a phytopharmaceutical agent
ABSTRACT
Aim: The study aimed to develop and validate weather based prediction model for beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) population in chickpea through adult catches in pheromone traps. Methodology: The data on adult trap catches of S. exigua were recorded daily and weekly means were computed. Log transformed trap catches data were used for correlation with weather parameters of current week, 1-lag, 2-lag and 3-lag weeks. Thereafter, multiple-linear regression analysis was done and a model was developed. The prediction model of S. exigua was validated with the appropriate statistical tools. Results: Peak incidence of S. exigua was recorded during 45th standard meteorological week (SMW) with 15.6 moths per trap per week. Amongst current, 1-lag, 2-lag and 3-lag week weather parameters, the male moth population had significant positive correlation with maximum temperature (Tmax) and minimum temperature (Tmin), and negative correlation with morning relative humidity (RH1) of 2-lag week. The sunshine hours/day (SSH) of current week had a significant negative association with S. exigua male moth catches, while the soil temperature (ST) of 2-lag week had highest positive correlation with trap catches. Regression equation was computed by regressing male moth catches of S. exigua against weather data of weeks with highest correlation coefficient. Interpretation: Often, pest-weather models are developed based on current week weather factors. However, it has been witnessed in this study that weather of preceding weeks (up to 3-lag) may also influence the pest population, and thus it needs to be considered for proper understanding of pest dynamics
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Comprehensive understanding about the local antibiogram is an essential requirement for preparation of hospital or unit based antibiotic policy. Bacteremic isolates are the most useful ones for this purpose, representing invasive disease. OBJECTIVE: To analyze susceptibility pattern of bacteremic Gram‑negative isolates in our center, to various antibiotics, including beta lactam‑beta lactamase inhibitor (BL‑BLI) agents and carbapenem. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study done in Apollo Specialty Hospital, a tertiary care oncology center in South India. The susceptibility of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas blood culture isolates, identified between January 2013 and June 2014 to various antibiotics were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 231‑Gram‑negative bacteremic isolates were analyzed. ESBL rate among E. coli isolates was 82.7% (67 out of 81) and 74.3% (58 out of 78) in Klebsiella. Carbapenem (imipenem) susceptibility rate in E. coli was 76.5%, Klebsiella 58.9%, Acinetobacter 32% and Pseudomonas 77.2%. Colistin susceptibility in E. coli was 96.2%, Klebsiella 93.5%, Acinetobacter 92.8% and Pseudomonas 97.7%. Difference in the susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae to BL‑BLI agents (especially cefepime‑tazobactam) and carbapenem were minimal. In nonfermenters, BL‑BLI susceptibility was better than that of carbapenem. CONCLUSION: Findings of the study make a strong argument for using BL‑BLI agents and sparing carbapenem to curtail the spiraling scenario of carbapenem resistance.
ABSTRACT
Synovium is specialized mesenchymal tissue lining the inner surface of the joint capsule and is the site for a series of pathologic processes that are characteristic, and in some cases specific, to this distinctive tissue. Hemosiderotic synovitis is a rare and inadequately defined synovial proliferative disorder, which develops with recurrent hemorrhages in the joint. The most affected joint from bleeding is the knee whatever the etiology is. Repeated hemarthrosis may produce significant structural alteration of joints leading to chronic osteoarthritis. The most common cause is hereditary clotting factor deficiency diseases like hemophilia. We report a rare case of nonhemophilic hemosiderotic synovitis of the knee joint, in which the patient lacks history of any bleeding diathesis. Its definitive diagnosis was possible only by histopathological examination. The prompt recognition of this distinct subtype of hemosiderotic synovitis and awareness of underlying causes should lead to earlier diagnosis, appropriate therapy, less joint destruction, and better outcomes.